Cyber resilience: defending AI-enabled energy systems against evolving threats

As energy systems become more digital and connected, cyber threats are growing in scale and sophistication. The World Economic Forum found that AI vulnerabilities increased cyber risk by 87% in 2025, driven partly by adversarial AI that changes the attack landscape faster than traditional frameworks can respond to, and by increasingly complex supply chains that create new vectors for disruption. The vulnerability is structural and not easily resolved. Uniting cyber teams, operational staff, executives, regulators and suppliers within shared frameworks is technically and organisationally demanding. Governance structures are being redesigned and processes restructured, but organisations that cannot sustain this coordination find their defences outpaced by a threat landscape that evolves faster than conventional responses. Energy companies that fail to embed cyber resilience into operational design risk system failures with direct physical consequences.